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Childhood speech and language disorders

Delayed prelinguistic development /

delayed start of speaking (late talker),

Slowed, incorrect and sparse use of language in children,

Child hardly slurs or slurs much later than should be natural, child stops vocalizing sometime before the 1st birthday - suspected hearing impairment,

Even at 1.6 to 2 years of age, the child says no/hardly any words (active vocabulary less than 50 words).

Articulation disorders (dyslalia)

Developmental disorder of articulation - sounds, sound combinations, sound groups (e.g. flowing sounds) due to coordination/muscular problems in the mouth area or phonological problems,

(e.g. sounds that sound similar cannot be distinguished and are therefore spoken incorrectly).

Vocabulary deficits/word recall

Child does not know age-appropriate words

Child cannot find suitable word, sometimes strange descriptions, long pauses when speaking.

Myofunctional disorder

Disturbance of muscle balance - function / coordination (interplay of muscles), on / in the mouth, close connection with dyslalia, often with lisp, mouth breathing, often noticeable:

Bulging lips, saggy cheeks, open mouth, saliva at the corners of the mouth.

Fluency disorders

Fluency disorders can occur at any age. Often all communication is impaired.

Stutter

Characterized by more or less spasmodic repetition or stretching of sounds, words or word groups / blockages when speaking, often with conspicuous facial movements or

of the body.

Rumbling

Significantly excessive speech rate with imprecise articulation, unrhythmic manner of speaking and more frequent

Increase in tempo during an utterance.

Voice disorders (dysphonia)

Dysphonia occurs in children and adults. The voice sound / pitch / volume are changed. ENT examinations reveal changes in the larynx

(e.g. muscle tension, organic changes)

Neurologically related disorders

Can occur due to neurological diseases/events (such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.). Usually affects all linguistic modalities to varying degrees of severity:

(speaking, understanding language, reading)

Dysarthria

Similar causes as aphasia, speech disorders of articulation, vocalization and breathing, affect language comprehension.

Apraxia of speech

Similar causes to aphasia, but different brain regions are affected.

Problems with voluntary speech/articulation movements (planning the movements), resulting in speaking effort.

Dysphagia

Through brain damage (similar to aphasia) or organic changes (e.g. larynx surgery).